GCSE Gujarati · Words and sentences

Linking ideas

અને, પણ, અથવા, કારણ કે, એટલે and તેમ છતાં: joining ideas and giving reasons.

50 GCSE-style practice questions

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Linking ideas, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Join ideas with અને and ને

    અને is and; ને is a shorter and, common in speech: રાજ ને પ્રિયા. મને ક્રિકેટ અને ફૂટબૉલ ગમે છે I like cricket and football.

  2. Contrast with પણ and પરંતુ

    પણ at the start of a clause means but: મને ગણિત ગમે છે, પણ વિજ્ઞાન નથી ગમતું. પરંતુ is the same, more formal. After a word, પણ means also: હું પણ આવીશ I will come too.

  3. Give a choice with અથવા and કે

    ચા અથવા કૉફી tea or coffee. In a question, કે is more usual: ચા પીશો કે કૉફી? will you have tea or coffee?

  4. Give a reason with કારણ કે

    મને મારી શાળા ગમે છે કારણ કે મારા મિત્રો ત્યાં છે I like my school because my friends are there. A reason is what turns a short answer into a developed one.

  5. Give a result with એટલે and તેથી

    વરસાદ પડતો હતો, એટલે અમે ઘરે રહ્યા it was raining, so we stayed at home. તેથી is more formal: તેથી suits a letter or an article.

  6. Say even so with તેમ છતાં, and that is with એટલે કે

    હું થાકી ગયો હતો, તેમ છતાં હું રમ્યો I was tired, but I played all the same. એટલે કે explains: હું શાકાહારી છું, એટલે કે હું માંસ નથી ખાતો I am vegetarian, that is, I don't eat meat.

  7. Link with when, if and that

    જ્યારે ... ત્યારે when ... then, જો ... તો if ... then, and કે that: મને લાગે છે કે ગુજરાતી શીખવું મહત્ત્વનું છે I think that learning Gujarati is important.

Linking ideas key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

Conjunction
A word that joins words or ideas: અને, પણ, કારણ કે.
Coordinating conjunction
One that joins two ideas of equal weight: અને, પણ, અથવા.
Subordinating conjunction
One that makes one idea depend on another: કારણ કે, જો, કે.
Connective
Any linking word or phrase that helps a longer answer flow, such as તેમ છતાં or ઉપરાંત.
Justification
The reason for an opinion, usually after કારણ કે. It earns marks in speaking and writing.

Common mistakes in Linking ideas

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Using કારણ on its own for because.

    કારણ means a reason. Because is કારણ કે.

  • Putting પણ before the word when you mean also, as in પણ હું આવીશ.

    That means but I will come. For also, પણ follows the word: હું પણ આવીશ.

  • Reading કે as or every time.

    કે means or in a choice and that after a verb of thinking or saying: તેણે કહ્યું કે તે આવશે he said that he would come.

Practice

Try a Linking ideas question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which completes the sentence? જ્યારે દિવાળી આવે છે, ___ અમે નવાં કપડાં પહેરીએ છીએ. (When Diwali comes, we wear new clothes.)

  1. તો
  2. ત્યારે
  3. પણ
  4. એટલે
Show the answer and the working

Answer: ત્યારે

જ્યારે ... ત્યારે is when ... then: જ્યારે દિવાળી આવે છે, ત્યારે અમે નવાં કપડાં પહેરીએ છીએ.

  1. જ્યારે is when.
  2. Its partner is ત્યારે.
  3. So ત્યારે.

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