GCSE German · Verbs and tenses

The simple past

War, hatte, es gab and konnte, and at Higher the simple past of a written story: ich ging, sie spielte.

55 GCSE-style practice questions

Learn

The simple past, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Use war and hatte for was and had

    Sein and haben use their simple past in speech and writing alike: ich war, du warst, er war, wir waren; ich hatte, du hattest, er hatte, wir hatten. Das Wetter war schön und wir hatten viel Spaß.

  2. Use es gab for there was and there were

    Es gab is the past of es gibt, and never changes: Es gab ein großes Fest, Es gab viele Leute.

  3. Use the modal verbs in the simple past

    The modals form their past with -te and lose their umlaut: ich konnte, ich musste, ich durfte, ich wollte, ich sollte. Ich musste zu Hause bleiben, weil ich krank war.

  4. Form the simple past of weak verbs with -teHigher only

    In a written story, weak verbs add -te and a person ending to the stem: ich spielte, du spieltest, er spielte, wir spielten, ihr spieltet, sie spielten. A stem in t or d adds -ete: sie arbeitete.

  5. Learn the simple past of common strong verbsHigher only

    Strong verbs change their vowel and take no -te: gehen gives ging, kommen gives kam, sehen gives sah, fahren gives fuhr, finden gives fand. The ich and er forms have no ending: Er ging nach Hause; the plural adds -en: wir gingen.

  6. Know when to use the simple past

    The simple past is the tense of written stories and reports: a novel, a newspaper article. In speech and in most of your writing, use the perfect, except for war, hatte, es gab and the modals.

The simple past key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

Simple past
The one-word past tense, also called the imperfect: ich war, ich spielte, ich ging.
Narrative
A story or account told in the past: in writing, German tells it in the simple past.
es gab
There was or there were: the past of es gibt.
Strong past stem
The changed vowel a strong verb takes in the simple past: ging, sah, fand.
Weak past ending
-te plus the person ending: spielte, spieltest, spielten.

Common mistakes in The simple past

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Adding -te to a strong verb, as in ich gehte or er sehte.

    Strong verbs change their vowel instead: ich ging, er sah.

  • Giving ich an ending in the simple past, as in ich warst or ich gingte.

    Ich and er share the bare past form: ich war, er war, ich ging.

  • Writing Ich habe war.

    War is already past and needs no helper: Ich war.

  • Keeping the umlaut on a modal in the past, as in ich müsste for I had to.

    The past of müssen has no umlaut: ich musste. With the umlaut it means something else.

Practice

Try a The simple past question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which sentence means "We were in town, but the shops were closed"?

  1. Wir war in der Stadt, aber die Geschäfte waren geschlossen.
  2. Wir waren in der Stadt, aber die Geschäfte war geschlossen.
  3. Wir wart in der Stadt, aber die Geschäfte waren geschlossen.
  4. Wir waren in der Stadt, aber die Geschäfte waren geschlossen.
Show the answer and the working

Answer: Wir waren in der Stadt, aber die Geschäfte waren geschlossen.

Both subjects are plural, wir and die Geschäfte, so both take waren.

  1. Wir takes waren.
  2. Die Geschäfte is plural: waren.
  3. So both verbs are waren.

Make The simple past stick

A free account adds worked examples from our question bank, from a warm-up to a stretch, plus ask-Wiz - a coach you can put any point from this lesson to - and a checklist that remembers which points you've studied. No card needed.

Ready to practise The simple past?

Sign up free to practise this topic - questions that adapt to how you're doing, with instant encouraging feedback on every answer. No card needed.

Already have an account? Log in

More Verbs and tenses topics