GCSE German · Verbs and tenses

Modal verbs

Können, müssen, wollen, dürfen, sollen and mögen with an infinitive at the end, and konnte and musste in the past.

55 GCSE-style practice questions

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Modal verbs, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Know the six modal verbs

    Können (can), müssen (must, have to), wollen (want to), dürfen (may, be allowed to), sollen (should, be supposed to) and mögen (like). They tell you how the action stands: possible, necessary, wanted or allowed.

  2. Learn their singular forms, which change their vowel

    The ich and er forms are the same and have no ending: ich kann, er kann; ich muss, ich will, ich darf, ich soll, ich mag. Du adds -st: du kannst, du musst. The plural keeps the infinitive's vowel: wir können, ihr müsst.

  3. Send the second verb to the end as an infinitive

    The modal is the verb in second place, and the verb it goes with stands at the end of the clause, in the infinitive: Ich kann gut schwimmen, Wir müssen heute Abend Hausaufgaben machen.

  4. Know what nicht müssen and nicht dürfen mean

    Du musst nicht kommen means you don't have to come. Du darfst nicht rauchen means you must not smoke. Mixing them up changes the message.

  5. Use the simple past of a modal for could, had to and wanted to

    Modals drop their umlaut and add -te: ich konnte (I could), ich musste (I had to), ich wollte, ich durfte, ich sollte, ich mochte. Du adds -st: du konntest.

  6. Use the past of modals in every personHigher only

    The plural past forms add -n or -t: wir konnten, ihr musstet, sie wollten. Wir mussten früh aufstehen.

Modal verbs key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

Modal verb
A verb that says whether you can, must, want to, may or should do something, sending the other verb to the end: Ich muss gehen.
Infinitive at the end
With a modal, the second verb waits at the end of the clause in its dictionary form: Sie will Ärztin werden.
müssen
Must, to have to: Ich muss arbeiten.
dürfen
May, or to be allowed to, as in Darf ich das Fenster öffnen? to ask if you may open the window.
sollen
Should, to be supposed to: Du sollst mehr Wasser trinken.
konnte
Could or was able to, the simple past of können: Ich konnte nicht schlafen.

Common mistakes in Modal verbs

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Conjugating the second verb, as in Ich kann schwimme.

    The second verb stays in the infinitive at the end: Ich kann schwimmen.

  • Adding an ending to the ich form, as in ich kanne or ich muste.

    Ich and er take no ending in the present: ich kann, er muss.

  • Adding zu before the infinitive, as in Ich muss zu lernen.

    A modal takes the bare infinitive: Ich muss lernen.

  • Using will for the future, as in Ich will nach Spanien fahren for I will go to Spain.

    Ich will means I want to. The future is werden: Ich werde nach Spanien fahren.

Practice

Try a Modal verbs question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which sentence means "You don't have to come"?

  1. Du darfst nicht kommen.
  2. Du willst nicht kommen.
  3. Du kannst nicht kommen.
  4. Du musst nicht kommen.
Show the answer and the working

Answer: Du musst nicht kommen.

Nicht müssen means not to have to: Du musst nicht kommen, you don't have to come. Du darfst nicht kommen means you mustn't come.

  1. Müssen is have to.
  2. Nicht müssen is don't have to.
  3. Nicht dürfen is mustn't.

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