GCSE German · Verbs and tenses

The perfect tense

Haben or sein with a past participle: ich habe gespielt, sie ist gefahren, wir haben gegessen, and früher for "used to".

55 GCSE-style practice questions

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The perfect tense, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Build the perfect with haben or sein and a participle

    The perfect is the everyday past tense: haben or sein in second place and the past participle at the end. Ich habe Fußball gespielt means I played football or I have played football.

  2. Form the participle of a weak verb

    Put ge on the stem and t on the end: spielen gives gespielt, machen gives gemacht. A stem ending in t or d adds et: gearbeitet.

  3. Leave out ge for -ieren verbs and inseparable prefixes

    Verbs ending in -ieren and verbs starting with be-, ver-, er-, ent- or über- take no ge: studiert, besucht, verkauft, erzählt.

  4. Learn the participles of strong verbs

    Strong verbs end in -en, often with a new vowel: gesehen, gegessen, geschrieben (ei to ie), getrunken (i to u), gesprochen (e to o), geflogen (ie to o). Gehen gives gegangen and sein gives gewesen. These are learnt with the verb.

  5. Use sein with verbs of movement and change

    Verbs of going somewhere or changing state take sein: Ich bin nach Berlin gefahren, Wir sind ins Kino gegangen, Er ist spät aufgestanden. Bleiben, sein and passieren take it too: Ich bin zu Hause geblieben.

  6. Say what you used to do with früher

    Add früher (in the past, formerly) to the perfect for used to: Früher habe ich Tennis gespielt means I used to play tennis.

The perfect tense key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

Perfect tense
The past tense of speech and most writing at GCSE: ich habe gespielt, ich bin gefahren.
Past participle
The verb form at the end of a perfect-tense clause: gemacht, gesehen, gegangen.
Auxiliary
haben or sein, the verb in second place that helps make the perfect.
Verbs of movement
Verbs like gehen, fahren, fliegen and kommen, which take sein in the perfect.
früher
In the past, formerly: with the perfect it gives used to.

Common mistakes in The perfect tense

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Using haben with a verb of movement, as in Ich habe nach Spanien gefahren.

    Going somewhere takes sein: Ich bin nach Spanien gefahren.

  • Putting the participle second, as in Ich habe gespielt Tennis.

    The participle goes to the end: Ich habe Tennis gespielt.

  • Giving a strong verb a weak participle, as in gesehent or getrinkt.

    Strong participles end in -en, often with a new vowel: gesehen, getrunken.

  • Adding ge to an inseparable or -ieren verb, as in gebesucht or gestudiert.

    Inseparable and -ieren verbs take no ge: besucht, studiert.

Practice

Try a The perfect tense question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which word completes the sentence? Am Wochenende habe ich viel ___. (At the weekend I watched a lot of TV.)

  1. gefernsehen
  2. ferngesieht
  3. fernsehen
  4. ferngesehen
Show the answer and the working

Answer: ferngesehen

Fernsehen is separable, so ge- goes between fern and the participle of sehen: ferngesehen.

  1. Fernsehen is fern + sehen.
  2. Sehen has the participle gesehen.
  3. Put fern in front: ferngesehen.

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