Gerunds and participles
વાંચવું used as a noun, દોડતો છોકરો and ગાતાં ગાતાં, and જમ્યા પછી for after doing something (Higher).
Learn
Gerunds and participles, explained point by point
Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.
Use the infinitive as a noun
The -વું form names an activity, like English -ing: તરવું સારી કસરત છે swimming is good exercise, મને વાંચવું ગમે છે I like reading.
Add postpositions to the -વા form
Before a postposition, -વું becomes -વા: વાંચવાનો શોખ a love of reading, રમવામાં મજા આવે છે playing is fun, વધારે ખાવાથી પેટ બગડે છે eating too much upsets your stomach.
Describe with the -તો participle
The -તો form describes someone doing something, and agrees like સારો: દોડતો છોકરો the running boy, ઊડતું પક્ષી the flying bird, રડતી બાળકી the crying little girl.
Say while with -તાં
ઘરે જતાં મેં રાજને જોયો on my way home I saw Raj. Doubled, it means all the while: ગાતાં ગાતાં singing as she went, ચાલતાં ચાલતાં while walking.
Say having done with -ીને
-ીને links two actions by the same person: જમીને અમે ફરવા ગયા after eating we went out, શાળાએથી આવીને હું ગૃહકાર્ય કરું છું when I get back from school I do my homework.
Say after and before doing something
After is the past form in -્યા with પછી: ગૃહકાર્ય કર્યા પછી હું ટીવી જોઉં છું after doing my homework I watch TV. Before is the -વા form with પહેલાં: સૂવા પહેલાં હું વાંચું છું I read before going to sleep.
Use the -એલું form as an adjective
-એલું describes something already done, and agrees: રાંધેલો ભાત cooked rice, લખેલો પત્ર a written letter, ખોવાયેલી બિલાડી a lost cat.
Gerunds and participles key terms
The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.
- Gerund
- A verb used as a noun, in Gujarati the -વું form: તરવું swimming.
- Present participle
- The -તો form describing someone in the middle of an action: રમતો છોકરો a boy playing.
- Conjunctive participle
- The -ીને form, for having done one thing before another: જમીને having eaten.
- Past participle
- The -એલું form, for something already done: બંધ કરેલું બારણું the door that has been shut.
- -તાં
- While or as: રસ્તો ઓળંગતાં while crossing the road.
- -્યા પછી
- After doing something: નાસ્તો કર્યા પછી after having breakfast.
Common mistakes in Gerunds and participles
The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.
Writing જમી પછી for after eating.
Use જમ્યા પછી, or જમીને for having eaten.
Leaving the participle unagreed, as in દોડતો છોકરી.
It agrees like an adjective: દોડતી છોકરી, દોડતાં બાળકો.
Writing વાંચવુંનો શોખ for a love of reading.
Before a postposition the infinitive takes -વા: વાંચવાનો શોખ.
Practice
Try a Gerunds and participles question
A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.
Choose the word that means swimming: ___ સારી કસરત છે.
- તરે છે
- તર્યો
- તરવું
- તરીશ
Show the answer and the working
Answer: તરવું
The -વું form names an activity, like English -ing: તરવું સારી કસરત છે, swimming is good exercise.
- The -વું form can be a noun: swimming.
- Here it is the subject of છે.
- So તરવું સારી કસરત છે: swimming is good exercise.