GCSE Gujarati · Verbs and tenses

Reflexive verbs and pronouns

Doing something yourself: મેં જાતે કર્યું, તે પોતે આવ્યો, and પોતાનું for your own.

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Reflexive verbs and pronouns, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Say yourself with પોતે

    પોતે stresses who did it: તે પોતે આવ્યો he came himself, આચાર્ય પોતે વર્ગમાં આવ્યા the head teacher came into the class himself.

  2. Say on your own with જાતે

    જાતે means by yourself, without help: મેં જાતે કર્યું I did it myself, હું જાતે જમવાનું બનાવું છું I cook for myself. મારી જાતે is said too.

  3. Say your own with પોતાનું

    પોતાનું agrees like સારું: પોતાનો ઓરડો, પોતાની સાઇકલ, પોતાનું ઘર. It points back to the subject: રાજ પોતાના ભાઈ સાથે આવ્યો Raj came with his own brother, where તેના ભાઈ could be someone else's.

  4. Use પોતાને when the action comes back to the subject

    પોતાને is oneself as the object: તે પોતાને હોશિયાર માને છે she thinks herself clever.

  5. Use everyday verbs that need no reflexive word

    Many English reflexives are plain verbs in Gujarati: હું સાત વાગ્યે ઊઠું છું I get up at seven, હું તૈયાર થાઉં છું I get ready, હું નહાઉં છું I have a bath, હું કપડાં પહેરું છું I get dressed.

  6. Say each other with એકબીજા

    અમે એકબીજાને મદદ કરીએ છીએ we help each other; તેઓ એકબીજાને ઓળખે છે they know each other.

Reflexive verbs and pronouns key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

Reflexive
Pointing back to the subject of the sentence, as English does with myself and himself.
પોતે
Oneself, for emphasis: મેં પોતે જોયું I saw it myself.
જાતે
By oneself, without help: તેણે જાતે શીખી લીધું she learnt it by herself.
પોતાનું
One's own. It agrees with the thing owned: પોતાની ચોપડી.
એકબીજા
Each other, with the postposition the sentence needs: એકબીજાને, એકબીજાની.
Daily routine verbs
Verbs such as ઊઠવું and તૈયાર થવું that English says with a reflexive word and Gujarati does not.

Common mistakes in Reflexive verbs and pronouns

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Using તેનું for the subject's own, as in રાજ તેના ઘરે ગયો meaning his own house.

    તેના could be someone else's. For the subject's own, use પોતાના: રાજ પોતાના ઘરે ગયો.

  • Translating I wash myself word for word, as in હું મને ધોઉં છું.

    Gujarati uses a plain verb: હું નહાઉં છું, or હું હાથ-મોં ધોઉં છું I wash my hands and face.

  • Leaving પોતાનું in the neuter, as in પોતાનું સાઇકલ.

    It agrees with the thing owned. સાઇકલ is feminine, so પોતાની સાઇકલ.

Practice

Try a Reflexive verbs and pronouns question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Choose the form: પ્રિયા ___ ભાઈ સાથે બજારમાં ગઈ. (with her own brother)

  1. પોતાનો
  2. પોતાની
  3. પોતાના
  4. પોતાનું
Show the answer and the working

Answer: પોતાના

પોતાનો ભાઈ is her own brother, and before સાથે it takes -ા: પ્રિયા પોતાના ભાઈ સાથે બજારમાં ગઈ.

  1. Own agrees with ભાઈ, masculine: પોતાનો.
  2. Before a postposition, -ો becomes -ા.
  3. So પોતાના ભાઈ સાથે: with her own brother.

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