GCSE French · Words and sentences

Negatives

Ne pas, ne jamais, ne rien and ne personne, and ne plus, ne que and ne... ni... ni at Higher.

54 GCSE-style practice questions

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Negatives, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Put ne ... pas round the verb

    Ne goes before the verb and pas after it: je ne joue pas. Ne becomes n' before a vowel or a silent h: je n'aime pas le sport, il n'habite pas ici.

  2. Use ne ... jamais, ne ... rien and ne ... personne

    They sit round the verb like ne ... pas: je ne mange jamais de viande (never), je ne fais rien (nothing), je ne connais personne (nobody). Jamais, rien and personne can also stand alone as a short answer.

  3. Use de after a negative

    After a negative, un, une, du, de la and des become de: je n'ai pas de voiture, il ne boit jamais de café.

  4. Place the negative in the perfect tense

    Ne and pas go round avoir or être: je n'ai pas mangé, elle n'est jamais allée en Italie. Personne is the exception, coming after the participle: je n'ai vu personne.

  5. Keep pronouns inside the negative

    Object and reflexive pronouns stay next to their verb, inside ne ... pas: je ne le vois pas, il ne se lève pas. With a modal and an infinitive, the negative goes round the modal: je ne peux pas venir.

  6. Listen for pas in everyday speech

    In casual speech the ne is often dropped, so je sais pas means I do not know. When you listen, pas, jamais and rien carry the meaning; when you write, always put ne in.

  7. Use ne ... plus, ne ... que and ne ... pas encoreHigher only

    Ne ... plus means no longer: je ne joue plus au rugby. Ne ... que means only, so it is not really negative: je n'ai que dix euros. Ne ... pas encore means not yet: je n'ai pas encore fini.

  8. Use ne ... ni ... ni, personne ne and rien neHigher only

    Ne ... ni ... ni means neither ... nor: je n'aime ni le thé ni le café. When nobody or nothing is the subject, it comes first and ne follows: personne ne répond, rien ne marche.

Negatives key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

ne ... pas
Not, placed round the verb: je ne regarde pas la télé.
ne ... jamais
Never: il ne mange jamais de légumes means he never eats vegetables.
ne ... rien
Nothing or not anything: je n'ai rien acheté means I did not buy anything.
ne ... personne
Nobody or not anyone: je ne vois personne means I cannot see anyone.
pas de
No or not any, before a noun: il n'y a pas de bus means there is no bus.
ne ... plusHigher only
No longer, or not any more: elle n'habite plus ici.
ne ... queHigher only
Only: je ne mange que des fruits means I only eat fruit.
ne ... pas encoreHigher only
Not yet: le film n'a pas encore commencé means the film has not started yet.
ne ... ni ... niHigher only
Neither ... nor: il ne parle ni anglais ni espagnol.

Common mistakes in Negatives

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Leaving out ne in writing, as in je joue pas.

    Written French needs both parts: je ne joue pas. The dropped ne belongs to casual speech.

  • Putting pas before the verb, as in je ne pas joue.

    Pas goes after the verb: je ne joue pas. In the perfect it goes after avoir or être: je n'ai pas joué.

  • Keeping un or des after a negative, as in je n'ai pas un chien.

    After a negative, use de: je n'ai pas de chien, il n'y a pas de magasins.

  • Adding pas to another negative, as in je ne mange pas jamais.

    Each negative word takes the place of pas: je ne mange jamais, je ne fais rien.

  • Reading ne ... que as not, so je n'ai que deux euros becomes I do not have two euros.Higher only

    Ne ... que means only: I only have two euros. Look for que after the verb before you decide.

Practice

Try a Negatives question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which sentence means I don't get up early on Sundays?

  1. Le dimanche, je me ne lève pas tôt.
  2. Le dimanche, je ne me lève pas tôt.
  3. Le dimanche, je ne lève me pas tôt.
  4. Le dimanche, je ne me pas lève tôt.
Show the answer and the working

Answer: Le dimanche, je ne me lève pas tôt.

The reflexive pronoun stays next to its verb, and ne ... pas wraps both: je ne me lève pas.

  1. The positive is je me lève.
  2. Me lève stays together.
  3. Ne before, pas after: je ne me lève pas.

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