GCSE Japanese · Verbs and their forms

The nai-form

Making the nai-form, then asking someone not to with ないでください and giving advice with ないほうがいいです (Higher).

Higher only50 GCSE-style practice questions

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The nai-form, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Make the nai-form of group 2 and irregular verbs

    Swap ます, or the final る, for ない: 食べます, 食べない; 見る, 見ない. する becomes しない, 来る becomes 来ない (read こない), and ある becomes plain ない.

  2. Make the nai-form of group 1 verbs

    Move the sound before ます to the あ row and add ない: 書きます, 書かない; 飲みます, 飲まない; 待ちます, 待たない. Where the ます form has い on its own before ます, use わ: 買います, 買わない.

  3. Ask someone not to do something with ないでください

    Add でください to the nai-form for a polite please don't: ここで 写真を とらないで ください, わすれないで ください. You will meet it on signs and in instructions.

  4. Ask a friend not to, more casually

    Between friends, ください often drops away: わすれないで ね, 心配しんぱいしないで. With ね on the end it sounds kind rather than bossy. Keep ください with adults.

  5. Advise against something with ないほうがいいです

    Nai-form plus ほうがいいです means you'd better not: 夜 おそく ゲームを しないほうが いいです. Soften it with と思います: しないほうが いいと 思います.

  6. Know that advice to do something uses the ta-form

    For advice to do something, Japanese uses the ta-form instead: もっと 水を 飲んだほうが いいです. So advice not to do something uses the present (しないほうが), while advice to do it usually uses the past (したほうが).

  7. Recognise the nai-form in everyday speech

    ないです is another polite negative you will hear: 行かないです means the same as 行きません. In casual speech the nai-form ends the sentence: わからない (I don't understand), 知らない (I don't know). In formal writing, keep ません.

The nai-form key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

Nai-form
The plain negative of a verb, ending in ない: 書かない, 食べない.
ないでください
Please don't, a polite request not to do something: わすれないで ください.
ないほうがいいです
You'd better not, for advice against something: しないほうが いいです.
たほうがいいです
You'd better, the advice to do something, made from the ta-form: ねたほうが いいです.
しない
The nai-form of する: don't do, or won't do.
来ない
The nai-form of 来る, read こない.
ない (from ある)
There isn't, or I haven't got: 時間が ない.
Advice
A suggestion about what someone should or shouldn't do. ほうがいいです is a common way to give it.

Common mistakes in The nai-form

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Building ないでください from the ます form, as in 食べませんでください.

    Start from the nai-form, 食べない, then add でください: 食べないで ください.

  • Using the past for advice not to do something, as in しなかったほうが いいです.

    Advice not to do something uses the plain present negative: しないほうが いいです. Only advice to do something uses the past: したほうが いいです.

  • Leaving out で, as in 行かないください.

    The pattern needs で between the nai-form and ください: 行かないで ください.

  • Giving a group 2 verb a group 1 ending, as in 食べらない.

    Group 2 verbs simply lose る: 食べない, 見ない, おきない.

Practice

Try a The nai-form question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which sentence gives advice: 'you'd better not'?

  1. ねる 前に ゲームを しないほうが いいですよ。
  2. ここで ゲームを しないで ください。
  3. いっしょに ゲームを しませんか。
  4. きのうは ゲームを しませんでした。
Show the answer and the working

Answer: ねる 前に ゲームを しないほうが いいですよ。

しないほうが いいです is the nai-form of する + ほうが いいです: you'd better not play games before bed.

  1. Advice not to: nai-form + ほうが いいです.
  2. ゲームを しないほうが いいですよ: you'd better not play games.

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