GCSE Japanese · Words and sentences

Linking ideas and giving opinions

Joining ideas with が for "but" and から for "because", and at Higher listing reasons with し and giving an opinion with とおもいます.

52 GCSE-style practice questions

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Linking ideas and giving opinions, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Join sentences with そして and それから

    そして means and, and それから means and then. Both start the next sentence: えきへ 行きました。 それから、 でんしゃに のりました。 They help a run of short sentences read as one account.

  2. Say but with が and でも

    が after the first half of a sentence means but: 日本語にほんごは むずかしいですが、 おもしろいです。 でも means but at the start of a new sentence: むずかしいです。 でも、 たのしいです。

  3. Give a reason with から

    Put the reason first, with から straight after it, then the result: しゅくだいが たくさん ありますから、 今日は 出かけません。 Notice that から comes after the reason, where English puts because before it. だから (so) at the start of a sentence does the same job: さむいです。 だから、 家に います。

  4. Add a reason after your main sentence

    You can also give the result first and add the reason as a second sentence ending in から: ピザが すきです。 チーズが だいすきですから。 This is how you answer どうして: どうしてですか。 たのしいですから。

  5. Give opinions with すき, きらい and adjectives

    〜が すきです and 〜が だいすきです say what you like or love, and 〜が きらいです what you dislike. An adjective gives a quick judgement: おもしろいです, つまらないです, たのしかったです. Add a reason with から, because the speaking and writing marks reward opinions you explain.

  6. Give an opinion with と思いますHigher only

    と思います means I think that, and it follows a plain form: a verb (行くと 思います), an い-adjective (楽しいと 思います), or a noun or な-adjective with だ (大切だと 思います). To say you think something is not so, make the first part negative: むずかしくないと 思います.

  7. List reasons with しHigher only

    し after a plain form lists reasons, like and what's more: 安いし、 おいしいし、 この 店に よく 来ます。 Use it for two or more reasons that point the same way. With a noun or a な-adjective, add だ: しずかだし.

Linking ideas and giving opinions key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

が (but)
Joins two halves of a sentence that contrast: 〜ですが、 〜.
でも
But, at the start of a new sentence.
から (because)
Comes after a reason to show why: たのしいですから.
だから
So, at the start of a sentence that follows a reason.
そして
And, at the start of a sentence.
それから
And then, or after that, at the start of a sentence.
Justification
The reason you give for an opinion. The speaking and writing mark grids reward opinions you justify.
と思いますHigher only
I think that, after a plain form: いいと 思います.
しHigher only
Lists reasons one after another: 〜し、 〜し.

Common mistakes in Linking ideas and giving opinions

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Putting から in front of the reason, the way English puts because.

    から comes after the reason: たのしいですから、 すきです. Read it as the reason, then from that, the result.

  • Starting a new sentence with が to mean but.

    が joins two halves of one sentence: 〜ですが、 〜. To begin a new sentence with but, use でも.

  • Using と to join two sentences or two actions, as in すしを 食べました と えいがを 見ました.

    と only joins nouns. To link sentences, use そして or それから; to link actions in one sentence, use the te-form: すしを 食べて、 えいがを 見ました.

  • Putting だ after an い-adjective before と思います, as in 楽しいだと 思います.Higher only

    い-adjectives go straight in: 楽しいと 思います. Only nouns and な-adjectives take だ: 大切だと 思います.

  • Putting a polite verb before と思います, as in 行きますと 思います.Higher only

    The verb before と思います is plain: 行くと 思います, 行かないと 思います. The politeness is already in 思います.

Practice

Try a Linking ideas and giving opinions question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which pair of words completes the account? きのうは 友だちと 町へ 行きました。 ___、 デパートで くつを かいました。 ___、 たかかったです。

  1. でも、それから
  2. が、から
  3. それから、でも
  4. そして、だから
Show the answer and the working

Answer: それから、でも

それから moves on to the next event, buying shoes, and でも adds a contrast: but they were expensive.

  1. First: you went to town.
  2. Next: you bought shoes, それから.
  3. But they were expensive: でも.

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