GCSE German · Words and sentences

Prepositions and their cases

Für and durch with the accusative, mit and nach with the dative, in, an and auf with either, and the short forms im, zum and zur.

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Prepositions and their cases, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Use the accusative after durch, für, ohne and bis

    These always take the accusative: für meinen Bruder, durch den Park, ohne einen Hut. Gegen and um do too: um den Tisch.

  2. Use the dative after aus, bei, mit, nach, von and zu

    These always take the dative: mit dem Bus, nach der Schule, bei meiner Oma, von meinem Vater, zu der Party. Seit does too: seit einem Jahr.

  3. Choose the case after in, an and auf

    These take the accusative for movement towards somewhere and the dative for being there: Ich gehe in den Park (accusative, where to?), Ich bin im Park (dative, where?). Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch, Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.

  4. Use the short forms

    Some prepositions join the article: im (in dem), ins (in das), am (an dem), ans (an das), beim (bei dem), vom (von dem), zum (zu dem), zur (zu der). Ich gehe zur Schule, Wir fahren ins Kino.

  5. Learn the verbs that take a preposition

    Some verbs need a set preposition: warten auf (wait for), sich interessieren für, sich freuen auf (look forward to), denken an. Ask with wo- and answer with da-: Worauf wartest du? Ich warte darauf.

  6. Use the other two-way prepositionsHigher only

    Über, unter, hinter, vor, neben and zwischen work like in: accusative for movement, dative for position. Die Katze springt unter den Tisch, Die Katze schläft unter dem Tisch. Laut (according to) takes the dative, and trotz and wegen the genitive or dative.

Prepositions and their cases key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

Preposition
A word like in, mit or für that links a noun to the rest of the sentence and sets its case.
Accusative preposition
One that always takes the accusative: durch, für, gegen, ohne, um, bis.
Dative preposition
One that always takes the dative: aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu.
Two-way preposition
One that takes the accusative for movement and the dative for position: in, an, auf, über, unter.
Contraction
A preposition joined to the article: im, zum, zur, am.
da- compound
da joined to a preposition to mean it or that: damit, darauf, dafür.

Common mistakes in Prepositions and their cases

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Using the accusative after mit, as in mit meinen Bruder.

    Mit always takes the dative case: mit meinem Bruder.

  • Using the dative for movement, as in Ich gehe im Kino.

    Going into is accusative: Ich gehe ins Kino. Being there is im Kino.

  • Writing zu die Schule.

    Zu takes the dative, and zu der becomes zur: zur Schule.

  • Translating wait for with für, as in Ich warte für den Bus.

    Wait for is warten auf: Ich warte auf den Bus.

Practice

Try a Prepositions and their cases question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which sentence means 'I'm going into the kitchen'?

  1. Ich gehe in der Küche.
  2. Ich gehe im Küche.
  3. Ich gehe in die Küche.
  4. Ich gehe ins Küche.
Show the answer and the working

Answer: Ich gehe in die Küche.

Going into a room is movement, so in takes the accusative, and Küche is feminine: in die Küche.

  1. Gehen in is movement: accusative.
  2. Küche is feminine: die Küche.
  3. Feminine does not shorten: Ich gehe in die Küche.

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