GCSE German · Words and sentences

Adjective endings

Der kleine Hund, ein kleiner Hund, mit kleinen Hunden: the endings after der and ein, and none when the adjective comes after the noun.

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Adjective endings, explained point by point

Everything the GCSE specification expects you to be able to do, and how to actually do it - the same lesson a signed-in student studies from.

  1. Leave an adjective after the noun without an ending

    After sein, werden or bleiben, the adjective takes no ending: Der Film ist spannend, Die Häuser sind alt.

  2. Add -e or -en after der, die and das

    After a der-word, the ending is -e in the nominative singular and the feminine and neuter accusative, and -en everywhere else: der kleine Hund, die kleine Katze, das kleine Haus, den kleinen Hund, mit dem kleinen Hund, die kleinen Hunde.

  3. Let the adjective show the gender after ein

    Where ein has no ending, the adjective takes the one der would have: ein kleiner Hund (masculine), ein kleines Haus (neuter). Otherwise it is -e or -en as after der: eine kleine Katze, einen kleinen Hund, mit einem kleinen Hund. Possessives and kein work the same way: mein neues Handy, keine guten Ideen.

  4. Use the strong endings in the plural with no article

    With no article in front, a plural adjective takes the ending of the article: kleine Kinder (nominative and accusative), mit kleinen Kindern (dative), Ich mag lange Ferien.

  5. Learn the spelling changes

    Adjectives ending in -el and -er lose an e before an ending: dunkel, ein dunkles Zimmer; teuer, ein teures Auto. Hoch becomes hoh-: ein hoher Berg.

Adjective endings key terms

The words the specification and the mark schemes use, each defined the way an examiner wants it.

Adjective ending
The letters added to an adjective before a noun to match its gender, number and case: ein großer Hund.
Predicative adjective
An adjective after the noun, with a verb like sein: Der Hund ist groß. It takes no ending.
Attributive adjective
An adjective before the noun, which takes an ending: der große Hund.
Weak ending
The -e or -en an adjective takes after der, dieser or jeder.
Mixed ending
The endings after ein, kein and the possessives, which show the gender where ein does not: ein großer Hund.

Common mistakes in Adjective endings

The slips that cost marks year after year, and what to do instead.

  • Adding an ending after the noun, as in Das Haus ist großes.

    After sein, no ending: Das Haus ist groß.

  • Leaving the adjective bare before a noun, as in ein klein Hund.

    Before a noun it always takes an ending: ein kleiner Hund.

  • Using -e for a masculine accusative, as in Ich habe einen neue Computer.

    The masculine accusative is -en: einen neuen Computer.

  • Forgetting -en in the dative, as in mit meinem beste Freund.

    Every dative adjective after an article ends in -en: mit meinem besten Freund.

Practice

Try a Adjective endings question

A GCSE-style original question from this topic. Have a go before you open the working - deciding on an answer first is what makes the working stick.

Which form completes the sentence? Ich gebe meiner ___ Schwester ein Geschenk. (I'm giving my little sister a present.)

  1. kleine
  2. kleiner
  3. kleinem
  4. kleinen
Show the answer and the working

Answer: kleinen

Your sister receives the present, so she is dative: meiner Schwester. After meiner, the adjective ends in -en: meiner kleinen Schwester.

  1. Your sister is the indirect object: dative, meiner Schwester.
  2. In the dative, the adjective ends in -en.
  3. Ich gebe meiner kleinen Schwester ein Geschenk: I'm giving my little sister a present.

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